Git Cheatsheet for Minimalists

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git init

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git add main.go Makefile          # Stages multiple files
git add .                         # Stages the current directory and all its content

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git restore --staged server.go    # Copies the last version of server.go from repo to index

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git restore server.go             # Copies server.go from index to working directory
git restore server.go main.go     # Restores multiple files in working directory
git restore .                     # Discards all local changes (except untracked files)
git clean -fd                     # Removes all untracked files

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git restore --source=HEAD~2 server.go

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# Restoring the working tree from the index
git restore main.go

# Equivalent to
git restore --worktree main.go

# Restoring index content from HEAD
git restore --staged main.go

# Restoring the working tree and index from HEAD
git restore --staged --worktree main.go

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git status                        # Full status
git status -s                     # Short status

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git commit                        # Opens the default editor to type a long message
git commit -m "Message"           # Commits with a one-line message

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git commit --amend

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git commit -am "Message"

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git rm bs.go                      # Removes from working directory and staging area
git rm --cached bs.go             # Removes from staging area only

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git rm -r --cached node_modules
git commit -m 'remove ignored directory node_modules'
git push origin main

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git mv server.go main.go

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git diff                          # Shows unstaged changes
git diff --staged                 # Shows staged changes
git diff --cached                 # Same as the above

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git diff HEAD~2 HEAD              # Shows the changes between two commits
git diff HEAD~2 HEAD file.txt     # Changes to file.txt only

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git log                           # Full history
git log --oneline                 # Summary
git log --reverse                 # Lists the commits from the oldest to the newest

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git log file.txt                  # Shows the commits that touched file.txt
git log --stat file.txt           # Shows statistics (the number of changes) for file.txt
git log --patch file.txt          # Shows the patches (changes) applied to file.txt

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git show 921a2ff                  # Shows the given commit
git show HEAD                     # Shows the last commit
git show HEAD~2                   # Two steps before the last commit
git show HEAD:server.go           # Shows the version of server.go stored in the last commit

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git log --stat                    # Shows the list of modified files
git log --patch                   # Shows the actual changes (patches)

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git log -3                        # Shows the last 3 entries
git log --author=crazyoptimist
git log --before="2021-01-01"
git log --after="one week ago"
git log --grep="GUI"              # Commits with "GUI" in their message
git log -S"GUI"                   # Commits with "GUI" in their patches
git log hash1..hash2              # Range of commits
git log file.txt                  # Commits that touched file.txt

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git log --pretty=format:"%an committed %H"

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git config --global user.name crazyoptimist
git config --global user.email [email protected]

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git config --global init.defaultBranch main

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git config --global alias.lg "log --oneline"

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git config --global core.autocrlf input           # Unix
git config --global core.autocrlf true            # Windows

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git bisect start
git bisect bad                    # Marks the current commit as a bad commit
git bisect good ca49180           # Marks the given commit as a good commit
git bisect reset                  # Terminates the bisect session

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git shortlog

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git blame file.txt                # Shows the author of each line in file.txt

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git tag v1.0                            # Tags the last commit as v1.0
git tag v1.0 5e7a828                    # Tags an earlier commit
git tag                                 # Lists all the tags
git tag -d v1.0                         # Deletes the given tag
git tag -a v1.0.0-rc1                   # Creates an annotated tag
git push origin v1.0.0-rc1              # Pushes the tag to origin
git push origin --delete v1.0.0-rc1     # Deletes the tag from origin
git push --tags                         # Push all tags

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git switch dev                      # Switch to branch `dev`
git switch -c dev                   # Create and switch
git switch -                        # Switch to the previous branch
git switch -d master~1              # Switch to the commit `master~1`

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git branch bugfix                   # Creates a new branch called bugfix
git branch -d bugfix                # Deletes the bugfix branch
git branch --merged                 # Shows the merged branches
git branch --no-merged              # Shows the unmerged branches
git branch -r                       # Shows remote tracking branches
git branch -vv                      # Shows local & remote tracking branches
git branch -D feature/one feature/two bugfix/one

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git log master..bugfix              # Lists the commits in the bugfix branch not in master
git diff master..bugfix             # Shows the summary of changes

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git stash push -m "some comments"   # Creates a new stash. Without `push`, does the same.
git statsh pop 1                    # Apply and remove the given stash from stash stack
git stash list                      # Lists all the stashes
git stash show stash@{1}            # Shows the given stash
git stash show 1                    # shortcut for stash@{1}
git stash apply 1                   # Applies the given stash to the working dir
git stash drop 1                    # Deletes the given stash
git stash clear                     # Deletes all the stashes

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git merge bugfix                    # Merges the bugfix branch into the current branch
git merge --no-ff bugfix            # Creates a merge commit even if FF is possible
git merge --squash bugfix           # Performs a squash merge
git merge --abort                   # Aborts the merge

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git rebase master                   # Changes the base of the current branch against master

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git rebase -i HEAD~5

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git rebase -i HEAD~6 -x "git commit --amend --author 'Author Name <[email protected]>' --no-edit"
git rebase -i COMMIT_SHA -x "git commit --amend --author 'Author Name <[email protected]>' -CHEAD"

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git cherry-pick dad47ed             # Applies the given commit on the current branch

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git clone url

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git fetch origin master             # Fetches master from origin
git fetch                           # Shortcut for "git fetch CURRENT_BRANCH"

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git pull                            # Fetch & merge current remote branch into the current local branch
git pull --rebase                   # Fetch & rebase current remote branch into the current local branch
git push origin master              # Pushes master to origin
git push                            # Shortcut for "git push origin CURRENT_BRANCH"

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git push -u origin bugfix           # Pushes bugfix to origin
git push -d origin bugfix           # Removes bugfix from origin

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git remote                          # Shows remote repos
git remote add upstream url         # Adds a new remote called upstream
git remote rm upstream              # Remotes upstream

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git remote prune origin --dry-run                 # Runs preflight check
git remote prune origin

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git reset --soft HEAD^              # Removes the last commit, keeps the changes staged
git reset --mixed HEAD^             # Unstages the changes as well
git reset --hard HEAD^              # Completely removes the changes

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git reset --hard HEAD~x

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git revert 72856ea                  # Reverts the given commit
git revert HEAD~3..                 # Reverts the last three commits
git revert --no-commit HEAD~3..

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git reflog                          # Shows the history of HEAD
git reflog show bugfix              # Shows the history of bugfix pointer